Paper DSC 203:PROGRAMMING WITH C & C++
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO C LANGUAGE, VARIABLES, DATA TYPES AND OPERATORS INTRODUCTION: TYPES OF LANGUAGES- HISTORY OF C LANGUAGE – BASIC TRUCTURE –PROGRAMMING RULES – FLOW CHARTS-ALGORITHMS–COMMONLY USED LIBRARY FUNCTIONS - EXECUTING THE C PROGRAM - PRE-PROCESSORS IN “C”- KEYWORDS & IDENTIFIERS – CONSTANTS – VARIABLES: RULES FOR DEFINING VARIABLES - SCOPE AND LIFE OF A VARIABLE–- DATA TYPES - TYPE CONVERSION - FORMATTED INPUT AND OUTPUT OPERATIONS. OPERATORS: INTRODUCTION – ARITHMETIC – RELATIONAL – LOGICAL – ASSIGNMENT - CONDITIONAL - SPECIAL - BITWISE - INCREMENT / DECREMENT OPERATOR.
UNIT-II: WORKING WITH CONTROL STATEMENTS, LOOPS CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS: INTRODUCTION - IF STATEMENTS - IF-ELSE STATEMENTS – NESTED IF-ELSE – BREAKSTATEMENT-CONTINUE STATEMENT-GO TO STATEMENT-SWITCH STATEMENTS. LOOPING STATEMENTS: INTRODUCTION-WHILE STATEMENTS – DO-WHILE STATEMENTS - FOR STATEMENTS-NESTED LOOP STATEMENTS.
UNIT-IV: POINTERS, STRUCTURES AND UNIONS POINTERS: FEATURES OF POINTERS- DECLARATION OF POINTERS-ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS WITH POINTERS STRUCTURES: FEATURES OF STRUCTURES - DECLARING AND INITIALIZATION OF STRUCTURES –STRUCTURE WITHIN STRUCTURE- ARRAY OF STRUCTURES- ENUMERATED DATA TYPE-UNIONS-DEFINITION AND ADVANTAGES OF UNIONS COMPARISON BETWEEN STRUCTURE & UNIONS.
UNIT-V: OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS USING C++ OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING: INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING - STRUCTURE OF C++ – SIMPLE PROGRAMOF C++– STORAGE CLASSES-SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C & C++ - DATA MEMBERS-MEMBER FUNCTIONS - OBJECT ORIENTED CONCEPTS-CLASS-OBJECT-INHERITANCE- OLYMORPHISM- ENCAPSULATION-ABSTRACTION.
UNIT-III:
FUNCTIONS, ARRAYS AND STRINGS
A function is a self-contained block of
program statements that performs a particular task.
Every C program can be thought of as
a collection of these functions.
C provide a way of breaking up a program into segments or modules. These segments are called functions.
Why are functions needed?
Functions provides the following benefits:
- Functions
makes a program more manageable and easy to understand.
- Writing
functions avoids rewriting the same code over and over.
- A
function may be called as many times as needed.
- The
main program can consist of a series of function calls. They can be executed as
many times as needed.
- Functions
may be reused in multiple programs. This enables code sharing.
- Functions
can be used to protect data. The data defined with in a function is called the local
data. It is available only within that function.
- By
using functions many programmers can work on a project by dividing it into different
functions.
Types
of functions
There are basically two types of
functions:
- Library
functions (or) Built in
functions
- User-defined
functions (or) Programmer-defined
functions
Library
functions:
1.Explain
Various Library functions in C?
library
functions are
nothing but commonly required functions grouped together and stored in Library.
This library of functions is present on the disk and is written for us by people
who write compilers for us. Always a compiler comes with a library of standard
functions. The procedure of calling both types of functions is exactly same.
Ex. printf( ), scanf( ) etc.
The functions have been classified into broad categories.
Mathematical functions
These Functions available in math.h
header file
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
int a,b;
clrscr();
printf(“Enter the value of a”);
scanf(“%d”,n);
b=sqrt(a);
printf(“square root of%d is %d”,a,b);
getch();
return();
}
Enter
the value of a :25
Square root of 25 of 5
String Functions
These String functions available in
string.h header file
Write a C program to illustrate String functions in C.
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<string.h>
int
main()
{
char
s1[20] = "Sri";
char
s2[20] = " kranthi";
char
s3[40];
printf("Initially
Length of string1 is : %d",strlen(s1));
printf("Length
of string2 is : %d", strlen(s2));
if
(strcmp(s1, s2) ==0)
{
printf("string
1 and string 2 are equal");
}else
{
printf("string
1 and 2 are different");
}
strcat(s1,s2);
strcpy(s3,s1);
printf("Modified
String s1 is: %s", s1);
printf("String
s2 is: %s", s2);
printf("String
s3 is: %s", s3);
getche();
retrn
0;
}
I/O:
Initially
Length of string1 is: 3
Length
of string2 is: 7
String1
nd String2 are different
Modified
String1 is : Sri kranthi
String2
is : Sri
String3 is : Sri kranthi
Character Functions :
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s='a';
if(isalpha(s))
{
printf( "It is a character");
}
getch();
}
Output:
It is a character
Date and Time Function
C
provides a large collection of date and time functions. They are used to
perform the operations such as , retrieval of current date and time
,manipulation of time, conversion of date formats, etc. The prototype of these
functions are declared in <time.h> header file.
The
date and time functions are as bellow
a)setdate()
The
setdate() function adjusts the date of the system.
(b)getdate()
The
getdate() function provides the current date of the operating system.
(c)Clock()
clock()
function provides the current time of the system
(d)time()
The
time() function provides the current time of the system in the structured form
(e)difftime()
The
difftime() function takes two times as arguments and returns the difference
between them
(f)strftime()
The
strftime() function changes the current fromat of the time.
(g)ctime()
The
ctime() function returns the date and time in the form of a string
(h)gmtime()
The
gmtime() function provides the universal time
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
time_t tim;
time(&tim);
printf("Today's date and time :%s",ctime(&tim));
getch();
}
Output:
Todays date and time Thu jun 30 10:05:15
2019
--O--
I/O Functions
2.Explain I/O Functions in C
language?
Ans:
C has a number of standard functions
to perform input and output operations.
In C, The input/output (I/O) functions are of two
types:
1. Un-formatted
input/output functions
2. Formatted input/output functions.
Formatted input/output functions
The I/O statements that use specific
format codes for their I/O are known as Formatted I/O functions.
These functions can handle different
data types.There are two important formatted I/O functions in C:
1. scanf()
2.
printf()
printf(): printf()
is a formatted output statement. It can print the specified contents on the
screen. It has the following format:
|
Formatting codes for printf(),scanf() |
1. Ordinary characters : These are copied to output.
2. Format
specifier field: It
is denoted by % and the code.
3. Control code: It includes control characters such as \n, \b,
and \t.
printf() uses format
codes as shown in table.
scanf():
scanf() is a formatted input statement. It can read the given input from the keyboard. It has the following format:
scanf(“control_string”,variable1_address,variable2_ address,...);
Here, The
control string is also known as “Format String”.
Example: Write
a C Program to add two integer numbers and find their Sum
Solution
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf(“\nEnter the first number: ”);
scanf(“%d”,&a);
printf(“\nEnter the second number: ”);
scanf(“%d”,&b);
c=a+b;
printf(“Sum = %d \n”,c);
}
Output
Enter the first
number : 5
Enter the
second number: 10
Sum= 15
Escape
sequences
Escape sequences are the control codes that can be used to control the output as required. C has the following escape sequence characters:
Non-formatted
input/output functions
The I/O statements that does not use
format codes are known as Non-Formatted I/O functions.
These functions can handle one
character at a time. There are two important non-formatted I/O functions in C:
1. getchar()
2. putchar()
getchar(): -
It can read a single character at a
time. It has the following format:
char_variable = getchar();
Example: int ch;
ch =
getchar();
The getchar()function reads a
character and places it in the memory location “ch”
putchar():-
It can displays a single character
at a time on the monitor screen. It has the following format:
putchar(char_variable);
Example: int ch = ‘x’;
puchar(ch)’
The putchar() function displays the character stored in the memory location “ch”.
1. Write a C program to display a
keyed in character.
Solution
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int ch;
ch=getchar();
putchar(ch);
return 0;
}
I/O
Input A
Output A
User-defined functions:
Ans:
The functions which are developed by
user at the time of writing a program are called user-defined functions. So, user-defined functions are functions
created and developed by user.
The need for user-defined functions
Every program in a C language needs
a main function where it as to begin its execution. In some cases ,using a
single “main‟ function
to code a complete program may result in the development of very large program,
with complications. Such programs are difficult to debug ,test and maintain .
For this reason , a program in “C”
is divided into a number of functions which are combined in a later stage into
a single unit. Such functions are known as “sub programs” or “user defined
functions”.
User defined functions are also very
helpful in program where certain operations or calculations are repeated. A
function can be designed for required operation and can be called at the points
where it is required .This the process saves both time and space.
Advantages:
1. The length of source program can
be reduced by using the function only at appropriate places.
2. A function can be located easily
for the investigation which has to be done in future
3. A sub function can also be reused
by a number of other individual programs.
--O--
Elements of User-defined functions:
4.Explain Various Elements in
User-defined function?
Ans
1.function declaration or function
prototype
2. function definition
3. function call
1.
Function Declaration or Function
prototype :
In C, a user defined function should be declared before using it in the program. A declaration that contains the function’s return type, function name and a list of parameters is known as the Function Prototype. The compiler uses function prototypes to validate function calls. A function prototype has the following format:
return_data_type
function_name (data_type_list);
The
function declaration consists of four parts. They are,
function_name: This is the name given to the
function.
return_data_type: This specifies the type of data
given back to the calling function.
data_type_list : This list specifies the data type
of the variables. These are also known as the formal parameters.
terminating semi colon: States end of the line
Examples:
1.
double power(double, int);
2.
int isPrime(int);
3.
void printMessage(void);
4. void fibo_series(int);
2. Function Definition:
A list of
statements in the program that describes the specific task done by the function
is called a function definition. It consists of the function header and the
function body.
The
function definition has the following form:
return_data_type
functionname(data_type_list)
{
/*
Function Body */
}
Function
Header:
The function header consists of
three parts:
return_data_type: A return_data_type specifies the
type of value (like float or double) that the function is expected to return to
the calling program. If the return type is not explicitly specified, c will
assume that it is an integer type.
Function name: The name should be appropriate to the
task performed by the function.
data_type_list : This list specifies the data type of the variables.
Function
Body: The function body is enclosed in braces,
contains three parts in the order given below
(i) Local variable declaration: Local variable declarations are
statements that specify the variables needed by the function.
(ii) Function statements: Function statements are statements
that perform the task of the function.
(iii) Return Statements:
The return statement returns the value of result to the calling function.
The return statement has the
following form:
return expression;
or
return(expression);
A void function does not return any
value. It only returns the control from called function to calling function.
Example
int sum(int x,
int y)
{
int s;
s = x+y;
return(s);
}
void
multiply(int a, int b)
{
int p;
p = a*b;
printf(“\n
Product = %d”,p);
}
3. Function call:
A function
must be called (invoked) in order to execute it. A function call statement has
the following form:
function_name(List
of formal parameters);
or
variable_name = function_name(List of formal parameters);
A function can be called by simply
using the function name followed by a list of actual parameters.
A function which calls another
function is known as a Calling Function. A function which
responds to a function call is known as a Called function.
Ex: Here in the main ( ) program the
mul(10,5) Function has been called.
main ( )
{
int y;
y=mul(10,5); //function call//
printf(“%d”,y);
}
Write a C
program that uses a function to convert temperature from Fahrenheit scale to
Celsius scale.
#include <stdio.h>
float ftoc(float); // Function prototype
int main(void)
{
float tf;
float tc;
printf(“\n Enter the Temperature in Fahrenheit: ”);
scanf(“%f”, &tf);
tc = ftoc(tf); //Function calling
printf(“%f Fahrenheit equals %f Celsius \n”, tf,tc);
return 0;
}
/* FUNCTION DEFINITION */
float ftoc(float f) //Function header
{
float factor = 5.0/9.0;
float freezing = 32.0;
float celsius;
celsius = factor ∗(f - freezing);
return celsius;
}
--O--
Types of functions based on return
values
All C functions can be called either
with arguments or without arguments in a C program. These functions may or may
not return values to the calling function. Now, we will see simple example C
programs for each one of the below.
- C
function with arguments (parameters) and with return value.
- C
function with arguments (parameters) and without return value.
- C
function without arguments (parameters) and without return value.
- C
function without arguments (parameters) and with return value.
1. Functions With arguments and with
return values
These are the functions in which
parameters are passed from calling function to the called function and values
are returned from called function to the calling function.
Syntax
int function( int a )
{
statements;
return a;
}
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i=0,j =5,x;
int demo(int x,int y);
x=demo(i,j ); /*
accepts return values* /
printf("sum =%d",x); /* it has arguments* /
getch();
}
int demo(int x,int
y)
{
printf("This is a demo
program");
return(x+y); /* returns value of(x+y)* /
output:
This is demo program sum =15
2.Functions With arguments and
without return values
These are the functions in which
arguments are passed from calling function to the called function but no values
are returned from called function to the calling function.
Syntax:
void function(int a)
{
statements;
}
3.Functions Without arguments and
without return values
These are the functions in which no
parameters are passed from calling function to the called function and no
values are returned from called function to the calling function
Syntax:
void function()
{
statements;
}
These are the functions in which no
arguments are passed from calling function to the called function but values
are returned from called function to the calling function
Syntax:
int function( )
{
statements;
return a;
}
Data Passing techniques to a function
5.Explain
the concepts of Call by value and call by reference with example?
Ans:
Data can be
passed to a function by using two techniques:
1. Pass by value or Call by value
2. Pass by reference or Call by
reference.
Call by value mechanism
Calling a function by passing values
as arguments is known as call by value.
In call by value, a copy of
the data is sent to the formal parameters of the called function. So
that the function cannot directly modify the values of the arguments.
Example:
#include
<stdio.h>
int mul(int
num); /* function prototype */
main(void)
{
int result,num
= 3;
printf(“\n
Before function call: num = %d ”, num);
result =
mul(num);
printf(“\n
After return from function: result = %d”,
result);
printf(“\n
After return from function: num = %d”,
num);
return 0;
}
int mul(int
num)
{
num *= 10;
return num;
}
I/O:
Before function call.: num = 3,
After return from function: result =
30
After return from function: num = 3
Call by
Reference Call by
reference is possible with the help of pointers.
Calling a
function by passing addresses as arguments is known as Call by Reference. By using call
by reference, you can change the values at calling function.
For example,
swap(&x, &y);
Example:
#include
<stdio.h>
int swap(int*,
int*);
int main()
{
int x=5,y=10;
printf(“%d
%d\n”,x,y);
swap(&x,
&y);
printf(“%d
%d\n”,x,y);
return 0;
}
void swap(int
*a, int *b)
{
int temp;
temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
Output
5 10
10 5
--O--
Recursion
6.What is
recursion? Explain with example?
Ans: Calling a
function by itself is known as Recursion. A function
that calls itself is known as a Recursive function.
The recursion
continues until some condition is met to stop it. if...else statement can be
used to stop a recursive call.
main()
{
………
……....
recursive();
…………
………….
}
int recursive()
{
………..
recursive()
………..
}
Example: Write
a C Program to generate Fibonacci Series by using Recursion.
#include
<stdio.h>
#include
<stdlib.h>
int fib(int);
/* function prototype */
int main()
{
int i,j;
printf(“\n
Enter the number of terms: ”);
scanf(“%d”,&i);
printf(“\n
Fibonacci sequence for %d terms is:”,i);
for( j=1;
j<=i; j++)
printf(“
%d”,fib(j));
getche();
return 0;
}
int fib(int
val) // Recursive Function
{
if(val <= 2)
return 1;
else
return(fib(val
- 1) + fib(val - 2)); // Recursive call
}
Output
(a) Enter the number of terms: 6
Fibonacci sequence for 6 terms is: 1
1 2 3 5 8
(b) Enter the number of terms: 4
Fibonacci sequence for 4 terms is: 1
1 2 3
--O—
Example Write a C Program to find
the factorial of the given number by using recursion
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int
factorial(int n);
main()
{
int n,f;
clrscr();
printf("Enter
a Number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
f=factorial(n);
printf("\n
Factorial of %d is = %d ",n,f);
getche();
return 0;
}
int
factorial(int n)
{
int fact;
if(n = =1)
return(1);
else
fact=n*factorial(n-1);
return(fact);
}
output
===========
Enter a Number : 4
Factorial of 4 is = 24
Arrays
Introduction:
Generally, A variable can store only one value at a time.
7.What is
an array ?Explain 1D Array with example?
Ans:
Definition:
An array is a collection of data elements that are ordered, fixed in
size, and homogeneous.
An array is a derived data type. It can store huge quantities of data.
In C, arrays are of two types:
- one-dimensional
arrays
- Multidimensional
arrays
One-dimensional Array:
An array
that can have single subscript (index) is known as a one-dimensional array. Its index starts at 0 and ends at size-1.
Declaration of a One-dimensional
Array
An array declaration has 3
attributes:
- The
type of data i.e., int, char, double, float, etc.
- The
number of values i.e., the maximum number of elements
- A
name
A one-dimensional array can be
declared by using the following syntax:
data_type array_name [SIZE];
Example: int
ar[10];
This can
declare a one dimensional array with 10 elements of integer type.
Initializing Integer Arrays
Arrays can
be initialized by using the following format:
datatype array_name[size] = {Elements};
Example:
int arr[5] = { 1,2,3,4,5}
int array[
]={1,2,3,4,5}
This can create and initialize a one dimensional array, as shown in fig:
Accessing array elements:
An array
element can be referenced as: <
array name>[<index>]
Here,
<index> is an integer constant or variable ranging from 0 to
<size>– 1.
Example: arr [0] = 98;
arr [1] = 75;
arr[2] = 80;
arr [3] = 95;
arr[4] = 98;
total = arr[0] + arr[1] + arr[2] + arr[3] + arr[4];
Example: Write
a c program to illustrate one dimensional arrays?
#include
<stdio.h>
main()
{
int i,
a[10];
for(i = 0;
i< 10; i++)
{
a[i] = i;
printf(“a[%d]
= %d\n”, i, a[i]);
}
printf(“\n”);
return 0;
}
I/O
a[0] = 0
a[1] = 1
a[2] = 2
a[3] = 3
a[4] = 4
a[5] = 5
a[6] = 6
a[7] = 7
a[8] = 8
a[9] = 9
--O--
2. Write a C
program to calculate Fibonacci series by using arrays concept.
/* Fibonacci series is a series in which any element
is the sum of the previous two elements.*/
#include
<stdio.h>
main()
{
int fib[15],i;
fib[0] = 0;
fib[1] = 1;
for(i = 2; i
< 15; i++)
fib[i] =
fib[i-1] + fib[i-2];
for(i = 0; i
< 15; i++)
printf(“ %3d ”,
fib[i]);
getche();
return 0;
}
Output:
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144
Write a C
program to search for an element in the array.
#include
<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include
<stdlib.h>
main()
{
int
a[30],n,i,key, FOUND=0;
clrscr();
printf(“\n How
many numbers”);
scanf(“%d”,
&n);
printf(“\n
Enter the array elements \n”);
for(i=0 ;
i<n; i++)
scanf(“%d”,
&a[i]);
printf(“\n
Enter the key to be searched \n”);
scanf(“%d”,&key);
for(i=0 ;
i<n; i++)
if(a[i] == key)
{
printf(“\n
Found at %d”,i);
FOUND=1;
}
if(FOUND = = 0)
printf(“\n NOT
FOUND...”);
getche();
return 0;
}
I/O: How many
numbers:5
Enter array elements: 3 6 9 12 16
Enter the key to be searched: 9
Found at 2
Two dimensional array – Multi dimensional array
8.What is 2D array ?Explain with example?
Ans:
Arrays with more than one dimension
are called multidimensional arrays.
Declaring a Two-dimensional Array:
An array of two dimensions can be
declared as follows:
data_type array_name[size1][size2];
Initialization of a Multidimensional
Array:
Arrays can be initialized by using
the following format:
datatype array_name[size1]
[size2] = {Elements};
Example:
int arr[3][3] = { {1,2,3},{4,5,6},{7,8,9}}
Accessing array elements:
An 2D-array elements can be
referenced as: <array name>[<RowIndex>][<Column Index>]
Here, <index> is an integer
constant or variable ranging from 0 to <size>– 1.
Example:
arr [0][0] = 1;
arr [0][1] = 2;
arr [0][2] = 3;
arr [1][0] =4;
arr [1][1] = 5;
arr[1][2] = 6;
arr [2][0] = 7;
arr [2][1] = 8;
arr[2][2] = 9;
total = arr[0][0] + arr[0][1] + arr[0][2] + arr[1][0]+arr[1][1]+ arr[1][2] + arr[2][0] + arr[2][1] + arr[2][2] ;
Working with Two-dimensional Arrays:
The most important application of
the two dimensional array is with a matrix. A matrix is defined as an
ordered rectangular array of numbers.
Example: Write
a C Program to perform Matrix Addition.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int r,c,i,j,
a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10];
clrscr();
printf("Enter
the Order of matrix:");
scanf("%d
%d",&r,&c);
printf("\nEnter
the first matrix:");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
printf("\nEnter
the second matrix:");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
c[i][j]=0;
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
printf("\nThe
result matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<r;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<c;j++)
{
printf("
%d ",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getche();
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter the
Order of matrix: 2 2
Enter the
first matrix:
1 2
3 4
Enter the
second matrix:
4 3
2 1
The result
matrix is:
5 5
5 5
--O--
Characteristics of Arrays
1) An array holds elements
that have the same data type.
2) Array elements
are stored in subsequent memory locations.
3) Two-dimensional
array elements are stored row by row in subsequent memory locations.
4) Array name
represents the address of the starting element.
5) Array size should be mentioned in the declaration. Array size must be a constant expression and not a variable.
Strings(One-dimensional Character Arrays)
9.What is String ?
Explain with example?
Ans:
A String is an arrays of characters.
In C, a String can be terminated by a null character(\0).
Declaring a String Strings
can be declared like one-dimensional arrays.
For example: char name[30];
char
address[80];
String Initialization Strings allow a shorthand
initialization, for example,
char str[9]
= “I like C”;
char msg[] =
“Hello”;
Reading a String The
format code %s can be used to read a string with scanf().
For example: scanf("%s', &name);
Printing Strings The
format code ‘%s’ can be used to print strings by using printf().
For example, printf(“%s”,name);
Write a C Program to illustrate
Strings:
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
char str[50];
printf(“Enter a
string”);
scanf(“%s”,str);
printf(“The
string was :%s\n”,str);
return 0;
}
I/O:
(a) Enter a string: Ritchie
The string was :Ritchie
--O---
String standard functions(String
Manipulation)
10.Explain various String Handling
Function in C language?
Ans:
C provides many functions to
manipulate strings. All the string functions are available with
<string.h>. Some of the functions in <string.h> are:
Table: string manipulation functions available in string.h
Counting number of characters in a
string
strlen() function can be used to find the
length of a string. It has the following format:
strlen(str);
Example: int l;
char s1[9]="Mahathma";
l=strlen(s1);
it reurns 9
to the variable l.
Copying a string into another
In C, strcpy() function can
be used to copy one string to another. It has the following format:
strcpy(s1,s2);
Comparing strings strcmp() function can be used to compare two strings.
It returns the value zero if the strings are equal. It returns a positive value if the first string is greater than the second string. It returns a negative value if the first string is lesser than the second string.
It has the following format:
strcmp(s1,s2)
Putting strings together strcat() function can concatenate two strings together.
It has the following format:
strcat(s1,s2)
Write a C program to illustrate
String functions in C.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char s1[20] = "Sai";
char s2[20] = " Vikrant";
char s3[40];
printf("Initially Length of
string1 is : %d",
strlen(s1);
printf("Length of string2 is :
%d", strlen(s2);
if (strcmp(s1, s2) ==0)
{
printf("string 1 and string 2
are equal");
}
else
{
printf("string 1 and 2 are
different");
}
strcat(s1,s2);
strcpy(s3,s1);
printf("Modified String s1 is:
%s", s1);
printf("String s2 is: %s",
s2);
printf("String s3 is: %s",
s3);
getche();
retrn 0;
}
I/O:
Initially Length of string1 is: 3
Length of string1 is: 7
String1 nd String2 are different
Modified String1 is : Sai Vikrant
String2 is : Sai
String3 is : Sai Vikrant
No comments:
Post a Comment