Q.8) Explain voice recognition system ,vision
input system?
Ans:
Voice Recognition Systems :
They
allow the users to input the data to the computer through their speech/voice.
They
make use of microphones for this purpose.
Speech/voice
recognition systems are used for capturing or creating the sound such as music,
speech, etc
It
requires the input to be given in a proper way with appropriate accent,
vocabulary and grammar.
This
makes it a less preferable and complex system.
Applications
of Voice Recognition System are,
1.
In hospitals where doctors might be busy in surgeries and require to perform
some other operation.
2.
Dictating a long passage to the computer to avoid typing.
3.
Speech input authentication.
4. Users with disabilities.
Vision Input Systems
Vision
input or video input system allows the users to provide input to the system in
the form of a visual or video format.
This
system recognizes various shapes and attributes of objects to recognize them.
The
input is given from a video camera and the computer performs the following
activities,
❖ Captures a picture of the object by
focusing on it.
❖ Creates a digital image and stores it
in the computer.
❖ Matches the captured image with the
images present in its database.
❖ Performs a specific action based on the
match results.
The
system is getting highly adopted robots that uses artificial intelligence
technology.
--O--
Output Units:
Q.9) Explain various output units?(VIMP)
Ans: The process of displaying the results
from CPU is known as “OUTPUT”. The devices which are used to display results
from CPU are called as output devices or output units. Output can be
represented in the form of hard copy or soft copy.
Ex:- Monitor, Printer, Speakers, ….., etc.
Monitors and its types
Monitor is a standard output device, used to show
the result as soft copy on screen. The monitors are widely available in variety of shapes,
designs and colors.
Monitors are 2 types based on color display. They are
·
Black & White (Mono-Chrome)
· Color (Poly-Chrome)
Based on light technology monitors are,
(a) CRT Monitor: The CRT monitor is the most common type of monitor and looks and works
just like a television. This type of monitor uses a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).
(b) LCD Monitor: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors are flat panel displays that
occupies less space. They are preferred over CRT monitor because they are light
weight and consume less power. They can be used in small devices such as
laptops, calculators, watches, microwave ovens and so on.
(c) LED Monitor: Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a flat panel display that uses a grid (matrix) of diodes representing the pixel positions in the display, LED displays are very much similar to LCD displays with only a difference of light source which is present at the back of the screen. It consist of small semiconductors (light emitting diodes) that illuminates the display when it is exposed to electric current. It produces better quality picture than LCD. It is light weight and has longer life span. But the cost of LED is twice of a standard LCD. It is used in applications such as billboards, signs on public transparent vehicles, display boards for displaying information at hospitals, hotels, schools and so on.
Printers:(Explain
difference between impact and non impact printers?)
A printer produces the output from the computer on
the paper. It is the most commonly used output device. Printers are
classified as :
a)
Impact Printer
b)
Non Impact Printer
a)
Impact Printer
Impact printers are similar to typewriters. They use
hammer to strike a character against an inked ribbon and the impact of the
hammer causes the image of the character to be printed on paper.
E.g. Dot matrix printers, line printers, daisy wheel
printers.
Advantages of
impact printers:
· Their functioning is relatively easy
· Multiple copies can be produced at the same time
with the help of carbon paper.
· Impact printers are noisy in operation and are subject to wear and tear
of mechanical parts.
Types of impact
printers :
1) Dot Matrix
Printers
Dot matrix printer prints each character as a
pattern of dots. The printer has a printer head with a matrix of pins
(needles). Typical heads have a matrix of 7 rows and 9 columns. These pins
produce a pattern of dots to form the individual characters.
2)
Daisy Wheel Printer :
These printers
are also called as letter quality printers. These printers have a daisy wheel
with a number of petals. A character is embossed on each wheel. There is a
motor which spins the wheel at a fast rate. When the desired character is
brought to the correct position, a hammer strikes the petal to produce the
output. Thus these printers are impact printers. The letter quality of these
printers is much superior as compared to the dot matrix printers. But they are
slow and typically print in the range of 10-50 characters per second.
3) Line Printer:
Line
printers are very fast printers which print at speed of 200-2500 lines per minute.
Line printers are normally used in applications where large volumes of data are
to be printed.
The
two types of line printers are :
(i)
Drum printers
This
consists of a metallic cylinder. On the surface of this drum there are characters
in bands. Each column or band on the drum contains all the characters. Opposite
to each band there is a hammer located behind the paper. The drum rotates at a
fast rate. The hammer strikes the paper along with the inked ribbon and
produces the output. One line is printed in each revolution of the printer.
(ii)
Chain printers
In the chain printers there is one print hammer for each print position on a line. There is a fast moving chain called the print chain. When this chain rotates, the print hammer and the inked ribbon strike the paper against the proper character on the chain.
Non
Impact Printer
They
use thermal, chemical, electrostatic and inkjet technologies for printing as
against the hammer mechanism of impact printers. E.g. Laser printers, DeskJet
printers.
Ink Jet Printer:
Ink jet printer is a non impact printer. It prints characters by spraying ink from tiny nozzles onto the paper. A special type of ink which has a high iron content is used. This ink is charged electrically when it comes out of the nozzle. This ink is absorbed by the paper and dries instantly. The output of the ink jet printer is of a superior quality.
Laser Printers : These printers are used where a very superior quality output is desired. The image is created on a photo sensitive drum ; with a laser beam. The laser is turned on and off when it moves back and forward across the drum. It leaves a negative charge on the drum to which a positively charged black toner powder sticks. When the paper rolls by the drum, the ink is transferred to the paper. Laser printers have a buffer memory to store entire pages and hence their speed is very fast.
Plotter
:
A
plotter is an output device used in applications where printouts of graphs and
drawings are required. Plotters are of two types :
1)
Flat bed i.e. X-Y plotter:
This
plotter plots on a paper which is fixed on a rectangular flatbed table. One recording
pen moves in the x direction and one in the y direction to plot on the paper. Color plotting is al so possible by
using pens of different colors.
2)
Drum Plotter:
In
this plotter the paper on which the output is to be obtained, is placed over a
drum. The drum rotates back and forth to produce motion. The pen is mounted
horizontally across the drum and the horizontal motion of the pen is achieved
with the help of the pen holder. The drum and the holder move simultaneously to
produce output. Multi coloured printing is possible by changing the pens.
The speed of plotters is very slow. Therefore normally the output is first sent to some secondary storage device like a magnetic tape and then directed to the plotter.
SOUND CARD
·
A
sound card can be defined as an expansion card that is capable of producing
sounds using certain computer programs. Hence, it can be also called as an
audio card. It is a peripheral device that can be attached to a motherboard.
·
The
following are the functions of a sound card.
(i) Produce
sounds
(ii) Converts
analog-to-digital
(iii) Converts
digital-to-analog
There are three methods that can be used for generating the sounds, they are Frequency Modulation (FM), wave table and physical modelling.
Anolog Vs Digital
•Analog
signals are collection of waves.
•Digital
signals are nothing but the electrical impulses containing 0’s and 1’s.
•Hence
a sound card can be used for converting computer digital data into analog data.
For this
purpose, it contains four components that are present on its printed circuit
board. They are,
a.Anolog-to-digital
converter (ADC)
b.Digital-to-analog
converter (DAC)
c.PCI
interface that can attach the sound card to the motherboard.
d.Input and output connections for the microphone and speakers.
SPEAKERS
·
It
is an output device that takes audio input from the sound card of computer and
gives audio output in the form of sound waves to the user. They are external to
the computer and usually contains low-power internal amplifier. The computer
speakers are available in verify of quality and price. Some speakers supports
power amplifiers for bass speakers and small satellite speakers.
·
Basically,
PC speakers can be grouped into two types,
(a)
Passive speaker
(b)
Active speaker
(a)
Passive speaker:
A
passive speaker is the standard speaker incorporated by most of the PCs. It
does not contain amplifier.
(b)
Active Speaker:
An
active speaker contains amplifier i.e., the amplifier is built-in the PC. And,
it eliminates the need for external amplifier.
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